How does the fee structure at Coinbase operate?

Coinbase employs a varied fee structure that combines aspects such as flat fees, percentage-based fees, and the transaction's payment method. Generally, for smaller transactions, Coinbase charges a flat fee which varies by region but is typically around $0.99 to $2.99. For larger transactions, the fee is a percentage of the trade, usually about 1.49% when using bank account transfers and about 3.99% for debit or credit card transactions. Users can also encounter 'Coinbase Fees' in addition to spread fees, which are costs above the actual market price of the cryptocurrency being traded. Additionally, Coinbase Pro, aimed at more experienced traders, has a different and often lower fee structure based on a maker-taker model that rewards users who provide liquidity to the market with lower rates compared to those who take liquidity away. Fees on Coinbase Pro are determined by one's trading volume over the past 30 days and can range from 0.50% to as low as 0.00% for large volume traders.